Types of Succulents

The WHATs, WHYs, and WHEREs of Succulent Plants.

The WHYs of Succulents

Why are they called xerophytes? If that sounds like Greek, it’s because it is. The Greek root word ξηρός (xerós) means dry or arid, so the term xerophyte aptly refers to plants that are water-wise in order to endure drought. Xerophyte succulents develop water-storing tissue within their fleshy leaves and stems (does camel come to mind?). For added measure, the exterior of their leaves is waxy, hairy, or spiny to further reduce water loss (technically known as transpiration). Succulents’ roots do their part, too. They’re typically quite shallow, which enables them to catch that drop of morning dew or that single sip from a flash shower. Remarkably, some succulents can survive up to two years without water (though we don’t recommend trying this at home!).

In other words, succulents are sappy? Yep, but their sappiness is a good thing because it helps them survive. The word succulent actually stems from the Latin word sucus, which means juice or sap.

Succulents are epiphytes, too? Well, some are. Epiphyte applies to those succulents that they grow on the surface of another plant instead of on the surface of the ground. That makes these succulents dependent on other plants for water and nutrients. But a parasite they’re not, so just consider them needy neighbors seeking a harmoniously harmless relationship. 

The WHEREs of Succulents

Every continent hosts succulents but one: Antarctica. And can you guess which continent is the native home to the most varieties? If you guessed Africa, you guessed right. Though succulents may not live everywhere on Earth, they can live in places that seem almost uninhabitable … including your garden (wink wink).

Succulents have preferences just like you, though, so before you purchase plants for outdoor spaces be sure to check the plant label and verify your planting zone for compatibility. Closely follow each succulent’s specific planting needs and growing preferences – such as good drainage and lots of sun or for some, a bit of shade.

Outdoor succulents: Succulents are awesome accents near woody shrubs and flowering plants, as well as the base of trees. Some merit front-and-center focus in a dedicated rock garden or perennial bed. For hanging pots and container plantings, the many trailing varieties double as  “spiller plants” with interest that literally overflows.

Overwintering succulents: If your planting zone doesn’t match the succulents’ hardiness rating, protect them or consider them outdoor annuals. Another option: bring them inside during winter. Transplant the succulents into a shallow container using the right soil mix that ensures drainage. Also try to mimic the sun and water they received while outdoors. Come warmer weather, slowly acclimate them back outdoors, and cha-ching! In no time, your succulent garden is back to its full glory. Is there any better value than a plant that provides year-round beauty?  

So now you know all about the Types of Succulents and The WHATs, WHYs, and WHEREs of Succulents. But there’s more! Sign up for our blog, please share it with others, and watch for the next issue: The HOWs.